Although there is no Unified APPROACH about what child POVERTY is and how it is calculated, but most studies and organizations related to the issue of child POVERTY, consider it as a MULTIDIMENSIONAL phenomenon. Proper understanding of the situation of children and teen agers who experience POVERTY in their lives, can be an important tool for breaking the void circle of POVERTY and child POVERTY reduction policies. In this article, MULTIDIMENSIONAL child POVERTY and overlapping of children's deprivations in 6 dimensions are investigated. For this purpose, "Justice Measuring Project in Tehran 2011" and "Multiple POVERTY and Overlapping of Deprivation Analysis APPROACH" were used. Results indicate that across the six dimensions, child deprivation rates are highest in facilities, housing, health, nutrition, security and protection and education respectively. 79% children in Tehran also are deprived in one or more dimensions out of that six case. The children on average, deprived in one or more dimensions tend to suffer from 1. 8 deprivations, . This is 30% of the total deprivations.

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY, as a complicated socioeconomic problem in Iran. To overcome some problems and limitations which the previous studies encountered them, we used a multilevel model to analyze individual and macro level factors simultaneously. First, we explain the Alkire-Foster model of measuring MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY in detail and measured this index in Iran and all its 31 provinces during 2005-2015. Then we use 7 variables in individual level (Household size, education level of head of households, education level of the head’ s spouse, sex, age and marital status of the head and independence degree of households members) and 10 variables in the province (GDP, per capita value added of education sector, per capita value added of health sector, per capita value added of social security sector, unemployment rate, inflation rate, per capita government expenditures, per capita government investment, per capita tax and degree of urbanization) to analyze the factors affecting MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY. The results show that both individual and macro level factors affect the MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY index. By comparing the estimated coefficients, among the individual level factors, education level of head of household, independence degree of household’ s members and household size are the most affecting variables and in the macro level factors, the inflation rate is the most important variable.

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH to measuring POVERTY facilitates the assessment of educational POVERTY as one of its several dimensions. Utilizing this APPROACH, the overall POVERTY in Iran in the years of 2005 and 2015 is measured and then the share of its educational dimension and its subsets that include the educational status of the head of household, and that of the children, are calculated. Furthermore, different provinces were categorized in this regard into two categories of having educational POVERTY and extreme educational POVERTY. Results show that the educational dimension has the highest share among all constituents of overall POVERTY as it counts for nearly 50% of overall POVERTY. The extent of educational POVERTY in urban and rural areas of the country in 2015 is 42% and 66%, while that of extreme educational POVERTY in these areas is 3% and 0. 9% respectively, showing a decrease compared to 2005. In 2015, the province of Kurdistan had the highest urban educational POVERTY, while the highest rural educational POVERTY was in Qom province. The province of Sistan and Baluchestan shows the highest level of extreme educational POVERTY in both areas.

Introduction: POVERTY is an undesirable socio-economic phenomenon that endangers the political stability, social solidarity, and mental health of the different sections of society. The literature on POVERTY in recent years has not been limited to income POVERTY, but also to other aspects such as health, education, and living standards. By identifying patterns of POVERTY, instead of prejudging the suitable economic and social policies to combat POVERTY, we can explain the appropriate and effective policy on POVERTY at the community level in accordance with the nature of these patterns. Method: In the present study, with a MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH to POVERTY (including educational POVERTY, housing POVERTY, food POVERTY, health, and income POVERTY), the vulnerability of government-supported households in Iran were investigated. For this purpose, the expenditure information of government-supported households in 2017 was the basis of the study. Findings: The results showed that nearly 47% of the households surveyed are below the food POVERTY line. In terms of depth and quality of dominance of different dimensions of POVERTY among the studied households, housing POVERTY has the largest POVERTY gap, followed by education POVERTY with a POVERTY gap of nearly 40%. In summary, the POVERTY gap in income and health dimensions in this study is very low compared to the mentioned dimensions. In general, it was found that government-sponsored households, in addition to income POVERTY, also suffer from poor health, housing, education, and food POVERTY. Discussion: Based on the findings, it is suggested that policy makers adopt and formulate policy-support tools in which the various dimensions of POVERTY are considered in the form of a comprehensive system.

Most of the methods designed for the analysis of POVERTY have two limitations: i) they are one-dimensional, i.e. they refer to only one proxy of POVERTY, namely low income or consumption expenditure; ii) they need to dichotomize the population into the poor and the non-poor by means of the POVERTY line. Nowadays, many authors recognize that POVERTY is a complex phenomenon that cannot solely be reduced to monetary dimension. Thus, the need for a MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH, which consists in extending the analysis of variety non-monetary indicators of living conditions, is tangible. Due to second limitation, fuzzy sets can be used to identify those households that are absolutely deprived and poor, those households that are slightly less deprived, and households lying on the threshold of POVERTY. As POVERTY levels that have space and time components, a cartographic APPROACH within a GIS environment allows the display and representation of POVERTY which aids the understanding of the causes of POVERTY. This study uses fuzzy APPROACH and geostatistics techniques to identify reliable methods to measure MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY and uses a POVERTY mapping in urban areas. The data of this descriptive-analytical study is collected by a survey technique via questionnaire. This survey uses a stratified random spatial sampling to determine and select samples. This study is based on the fuzzy MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY measurement that proposed by Costa (2002) and geostatistics techniques (Kriging and Cokriging). Some factors such as economic and income; housing; property and finance; health; and knowledge and skills as criteria are taken in to consideration in the process of data analysis. According to results, spherical and exponential models suite with fuzzy membership of POVERTY more than the others. POVERTY mapping clearly shows the spatial heterogeneity of POVERTY in this study area.

The measurement of MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY in 22 districts of Tehran is the main goal of this research. Studying human deprivation regarding basic needs i.e. health, nutrition, education and political freedom seems essential due to existing shortcomings of income-based POVERTY measurement APPROACH. Here, we measure MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY in terms of four attributes (income, housing, education and public health) using information theory APPROACH developed by Maasoumi and Logo (2006) model. First, we calculate single-dimensional POVERTY based on each attribute. Then, according to difference in levels of substitutability among attributes we measure the absolute POVERTY using aggregate POVERTY line APPROACH. The results show that the poorest districts of Tehran are district 19 in terms of income APPROACH and districts 19 and 17 in terms of education and housing, respectively. The worst situation regarding public health belongs to district 16. The highest and the lowest MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY rate were observed in districts 4 and 1 respectively. Furthermore, if substitution coefficient among attributes increases, then the MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY rate will decrease. About 63 percent of Tehran population is of relative deprivation.

The aim of this study is to measure the MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY index (MPI) in Iranian nomads by using Alkire and Foster method. In this method, the incidence and intensity of POVERTY is calculated by within and cross dimensional cutoffs. According to the MPI of UNDP, the dimensions of POVERTY index are education, health and standard of living. Furthermore, the required data consist of the results of the socioeconomic census of nomads in 2008. The results show that, 42% of the tribes are living in POVERTY condition, deprived at least in 30% of the indicators and intensity of their POVERTY is 46%. On the other hand, the deprivations of tribes in the dimensions and indicators are heterogeneous. Moreover, improvement on education and health indicators especially in nomad’s girls and women has the greatest impact on POVERTY reduction, which has also been emphasized in the Millennium Development Goals.